由3層(ceng)或多層(ceng)（一(yi)般為(wei)奇(qi)數）單板(ban)組合并(bing)使相鄰單板(ban)的(de)(de)纖維(wei)方向(xiang)垂直(zhi)膠(jiao)(jiao)合而(er)成的(de)(de)一(yi)種木(mu)質人造(zao)板(ban)。特殊情(qing)況(kuang)下也有制成4、6層(ceng)等偶數層(ceng)的(de)(de)。膠(jiao)(jiao)合板(ban)由于具有幅面大(da)、變形小、不易翹曲、橫紋抗拉(la)強度(du)大(da)、施(shi)工應(ying)用方便等優(you)點(dian)，因(yin)此在建筑、家具、車(che)廂、造(zao)船(chuan)、軍工、包裝及其(qi)他工業部(bu)門獲得(de)了廣泛應(ying)用。

簡史

約在公元前(qian)3000年以前(qian)，埃及首次用手工鋸(ju)切木材方法(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)單板(ban)(ban)(ban)。600多年后(hou)，他們開始用單板(ban)(ban)(ban)作貼面材料(liao)來裝飾宮廷(ting)家(jia)具。公元前(qian)1世紀初，羅馬人已掌握單板(ban)(ban)(ban)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)技術yu膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)原理。1812年，法(fa)國首先發(fa)明了單板(ban)(ban)(ban)旋切機(ji)，10年后(hou)，經過改進的旋切機(ji)已在工業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產中(zhong)正式(shi)使用，性能日(ri)(ri)益(yi)(yi)完善(shan)，從而促(cu)進了膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)工業(ye)的發(fa)展(zhan)。19世紀中(zhong)葉，德國建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)了第一家(jia)膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)工廠，開始大(da)批量的工業(ye)化生(sheng)(sheng)產。1914年以后(hou)，膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)已成(cheng)(cheng)為一種(zhong)商品(pin)。第二次世界大(da)戰后(hou)，世界膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)生(sheng)(sheng)產發(fa)展(zhan)極為迅速，設備不斷更(geng)新，產品(pin)品(pin)種(zhong)增多，應用范圍(wei)也日(ri)(ri)益(yi)(yi)擴大(da)，產量大(da)幅(fu)度(du)提高。

中國膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)板(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業始于(yu)20世(shi)紀20年(nian)(nian)代初(chu)，但工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)規模很小，設備簡陋。50年(nian)(nian)代擴建(jian)和新建(jian)了一批膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)板(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)。1956年(nian)(nian)前后(hou)開(kai)始合(he)(he)成樹(shu)脂生產(chan)，促進了膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)板(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業的發展。到(dao)了70年(nian)(nian)代，開(kai)始改進生產(chan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，首先著眼于(yu)中板(ban)整張化技(ji)術yu設備的研(yan)究，并取(qu)得(de)了初(chu)步(bu)成效；噴氣式單板(ban)干燥機也在生產(chan)中迅速得(de)到(dao)推廣應(ying)(ying)用；合(he)(he)板(ban)熱壓開(kai)始采用無(wu)熱板(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。至(zhi)80年(nian)(nian)代，出(chu)現了“涂膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)—配板(ban)—墊(dian)壓”半連續化生產(chan)，隨(sui)著合(he)(he)板(ban)預(yu)壓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)的應(ying)(ying)用，適應(ying)(ying)預(yu)壓工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)、具(ju)有(you)初(chu)粘性的脲醛樹(shu)脂膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也得(de)到(dao)了開(kai)發yu應(ying)(ying)用。

膠合板樹種

中(zhong)國(guo)膠合板(ban)(ban)工業使用的樹(shu)種，可分為用于旋切(qie)單板(ban)(ban)和(he)刨(bao)切(qie)薄(bo)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)兩大類。①生產(chan)旋切(qie)單板(ban)(ban)的主(zhu)要樹(shu)種有水曲柳、椴(duan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、黃波羅、柞木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、荷木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、楊(yang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、楸(qiu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、楨楠、樺木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、楓香、楓楊(yang)、絲栗、榿木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、槭木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、云杉、馬(ma)尾松(song)、云南松(song)等(deng)。②生產(chan)刨(bao)切(qie)薄(bo)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的主(zhu)要樹(shu)種有水曲柳、黃波羅、柞木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、核桃木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、梓木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)。此(ci)外，膠合板(ban)(ban)生產(chan)中(zhong)還采用一些南洋木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)材和(he)非洲木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)材，其中(zhong)主(zhu)要樹(shu)種有柳安、阿必東、克隆等(deng)。

膠合板使用的膠粘劑

膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)板工(gong)業(ye)中常用(yong)的(de)(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)劑有(you)蛋白(bai)(bai)質膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和合(he)(he)成樹(shu)脂膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。也有(you)使用(yong)少(shao)量(liang)橡膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)類膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)劑，一般制(zhi)成壓敏膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)帶使用(yong)。蛋白(bai)(bai)質膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中，皮(pi)骨(gu)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)用(yong)于制(zhi)造(zao)修補單板用(yong)的(de)(de)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)紙帶，其他蛋白(bai)(bai)質膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)用(yong)于膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)板制(zhi)造(zao)。合(he)(he)成樹(shu)脂膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)種類很多，但用(yong)于膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)板生產的(de)(de)主要有(you)脲(niao)醛樹(shu)脂膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和酚醛樹(shu)脂膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，中國以(yi)脲(niao)醛樹(shu)脂膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)應(ying)用(yong)**多。（見(jian)木材膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)粘(zhan)劑）

膠合板的性質

膠合板的物(wu)理力學性質(zhi)(zhi)可用含水(shui)率、密度、膠合強(qiang)度等說明。國際標準化組織(zhi)（ISO）對(dui)普(pu)通(tong)膠合板的結構、含水(shui)率、質(zhi)(zhi)量三(san)方面作出規定。結構：相鄰(lin)層(ceng)單板的紋理應(ying)互(hu)成(cheng)直(zhi)角；相對(dui)于中(zhong)心層(ceng)互(hu)相對(dui)稱(cheng)。含水(shui)率：應(ying)在12～14%之間。質(zhi)(zhi)量：成(cheng)品應(ying)用矩形直(zhi)邊和(he)明顯(xian)的棱(leng)角；對(dui)于每一名(ming)義厚(hou)度，單板的**少層(ceng)數應(ying)遵照有關規定。

中國膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)國家標(biao)準規定：①含(han)水(shui)率(lv)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)含(han)水(shui)率(lv)6～14%；Ⅲ、Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)8～16%。②密(mi)度。膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)的密(mi)度大于同樹(shu)種的木材；膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)時的單位壓(ya)(ya)力越(yue)大，則膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)的密(mi)度也越(yue)大；木材在高(gao)溫下易產生塑性(xing)變形，熱壓(ya)(ya)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)比冷壓(ya)(ya)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)壓(ya)(ya)縮率(lv)越(yue)大，膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)密(mi)度也越(yue)大。③膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)強度。Ⅰ、Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)，椴木、楊木、赤楊≥0.70兆(zhao)(zhao)帕；水(shui)曲柳(liu)、荷木、楓香、槭(qi)木、榆木、柞木≥0.80兆(zhao)(zhao)帕；樺木≥1.00兆(zhao)(zhao)帕；馬尾松(song)、云南松(song)、落葉松(song)、云杉≥0.80兆(zhao)(zhao)帕。Ⅲ、Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)(he)板(ban)≥0.70兆(zhao)(zhao)帕。

如果測(ce)定膠合(he)(he)強(qiang)度(du)試件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)平均木材破壞(huai)率超(chao)過(guo)80%時，則其膠合(he)(he)強(qiang)度(du)指標(biao)值可比上面規(gui)定的(de)(de)指標(biao)值低0.20兆帕(pa)。符合(he)(he)膠合(he)(he)強(qiang)度(du)指標(biao)值規(gui)定的(de)(de)試件(jian)(jian)數(shu)等于或(huo)大于有效試件(jian)(jian)總數(shu)的(de)(de)80%時，該(gai)批膠合(he)(he)板的(de)(de)膠合(he)(he)強(qiang)度(du)判為合(he)(he)格品。

膠合板的用途

由于(yu)(yu)膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)具(ju)有很(hen)多優點，因此，膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)的(de)應用范圍(wei)十(shi)分廣泛。Ⅰ類(lei)(lei)膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)主要用于(yu)(yu)航空、船舶(bo)、車廂、混凝(ning)土模板(ban)(ban)、包(bao)裝(zhuang)以及其他要求耐水性、耐氣(qi)候性好(hao)的(de)場所(suo)；Ⅱ類(lei)(lei)膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)主要用于(yu)(yu)車廂、船舶(bo)、家具(ju)、包(bao)裝(zhuang)及建筑(zhu)(zhu)內部(bu)(bu)裝(zhuang)修(xiu)等(deng)(deng)方面；Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)主要用于(yu)(yu)家具(ju)、包(bao)裝(zhuang)及一般建筑(zhu)(zhu)用途(tu)；Ⅳ類(lei)(lei)膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)主要用于(yu)(yu)包(bao)裝(zhuang)及一般用途(tu)。根據工業、建筑(zhu)(zhu)、交通運輸、紡織(zhi)、電氣(qi)等(deng)(deng)工業部(bu)(bu)門(men)的(de)特殊要求，還可(ke)生產一些(xie)供專門(men)用途(tu)的(de)膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)等(deng)(deng)。

生產工藝

膠合板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)表層(ceng)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)稱為(wei)表板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，外觀質(zhi)量較好的(de)(de)那個表板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)稱為(wei)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，相(xiang)對于(yu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)另一側(ce)表板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)稱為(wei)背(bei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。紋理(li)方(fang)向yu表板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)紋理(li)垂直的(de)(de)內層(ceng)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)稱為(wei)芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，而紋理(li)方(fang)向yu表板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)紋理(li)平行的(de)(de)內層(ceng)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)稱長中(zhong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是用旋切(qie)、刨切(qie)、鋸切(qie)方(fang)法制成(cheng)的(de)(de)薄板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。

膠(jiao)合(he)板(ban)的主要(yao)生產(chan)工序有：原木截(jie)斷；原木水熱(re)處理；剝皮yu木段(duan)定心；單板(ban)切削加工；單板(ban)干燥；單板(ban)剪切yu修整加工；涂膠(jiao)yu組坯；預(yu)壓(ya)yu熱(re)壓(ya)；裁邊(bian)；刮光(guang)或磨(mo)光(guang)；檢驗、分等(deng)及包(bao)裝等(deng)。

趨勢

①膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)板(ban)(ban)工業現在(zai)面(mian)臨木材(cai)(cai)資源短(duan)缺、材(cai)(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)下降等(deng)問題(ti)。因此，今(jin)后膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)板(ban)(ban)生(sheng)(sheng)產勢必大(da)量(liang)利用小徑(jing)材(cai)(cai)和低(di)質(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)(cai)，大(da)力開發利用速生(sheng)(sheng)樹種(zhong)，在(zai)工藝技(ji)術及設備(bei)上要(yao)有較大(da)改革，才能適應這種(zhong)變化(hua)。為實現利用小徑(jing)材(cai)(cai)、短(duan)材(cai)(cai)、低(di)質(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)(cai)，生(sheng)(sheng)產大(da)幅(fu)面(mian)膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)(he)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，對單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)縱(zong)接及合(he)(he)板(ban)(ban)縱(zong)接技(ji)術將(jiang)有待(dai)進(jin)一步的(de)(de)(de)改進(jin)。②以單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)制成的(de)(de)(de)產品主要(yao)將(jiang)向(xiang)裝飾性方向(xiang)發展。裝飾貼面(mian)用的(de)(de)(de)薄型單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)，花色繁多的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)合(he)(he)單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)，勢必將(jiang)成為單(dan)(dan)板(ban)(ban)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)方向(xiang)，使(shi)數量(liang)有限的(de)(de)(de)珍貴(gui)木材(cai)(cai)得到更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用價值，提高(gao)珍貴(gui)木材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)出材(cai)(cai)率。

本公司專業(ye)生產各種規格膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)、多層(ceng)板(ban)(ban)、包裝(zhuang)板(ban)(ban)、家(jia)具板(ban)(ban)、LVTT板(ban)(ban)、阻(zu)燃板(ban)(ban)，歡迎(ying)大家(jia)咨詢！

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